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Summary

Over three billion people, nearly half of the world’s population, live in poverty.1 Of these, one billion people live in extreme poverty, which is defined as living on less than $1 USD per day.2 Nearly 20,000 children die each day due to poverty and poverty-related illnesses.3 The U.N. estimates that from 2010-2012, nearly 870 million people suffered from chronic undernourishment.4 Additionally, over 780 million people do not have access to clean water and 2.5 billion do not have access to adequate sanitation.5 Poor water quality and inadequate sanitation contributes to 2.3 billion cases of waterborne diseases each year, such as cholera and diarrhea.6 Diarrhea is the second leading cause of death of children under the age of five, and 760,00 children are killed annually diarrheal diseases.7 Each year over 3.5 million people are killed by preventable, infectious diseases because they are unable to receive preventative vaccinations or treatment due to poverty.8 Poverty also hinders the education of many children and adults around the world. In 2012, 63 million school-aged children were not enrolled in school.9 Additionally, close to 250 million children in low and middle-income countries are unable to read.10 Moreover, an estimated 775 million adults lack basic literacy skills worldwide.11 In particular, girls and children with disabilities are often excluded from attending school in impoverished regions.12 The global income gap is still very high, and the top 20% of the world’s population accounts for nearly 70% of the world’s income.13 The Gini coefficient is a measure of income distribution across a country, and the lower the Gini score the more equitably the country’s wealth is distributed, and the higher a score the more income inequality exists within the country.14 Data shows that middle-income countries often experience the most income inequality, and Eastern Europe and Asia both experienced increases in their Gini score in recent years.15 Latin America is the region with the highest Gini score while Sub-Saharan Africa has seen a decrease in their Gini score since the 1990s.16 1 http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats 2 http://www.who.int/hdp/poverty/en/ 3 http://www.unicef.org/media/media_56045.html 4 http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm 5 http://www.unwater.org/water-cooperation-2013/water-cooperation/facts-and-figures/en/ 6 http://www.thp.org/learn_more/issues/know_your_world_facts_about_hunger_and_poverty 7 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/ 8 http://www.who.int/tdr/stewardship/global_report/en/ 9 http://www.unicef.org/education/bege_61659.html 10 Ibid 11 http://www.speakingbooks.com/impact/overview.html 12 http://www.unicef.org/education/bege_61659.html 13 http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Global_Inequality.pdf 14 http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Global_Inequality.pdf 15 Ibid 16 Ibid

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