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Moldova

Learn About Moldova

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Summary

Moldova gained independence for the first time in 1991 from the former Soviet Union. Since then, it has faced challenges to self-sufficiency; there have been separatist movements and difficulties opening up the economy.1 Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe, and its economy relies heavily on agriculture.2 1 https://www.britannica.com/place/Moldova 2 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/md.html

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Moldova Demographics

Demographics

Nationality
Moldovan
Population
3,619,925 (July 2013 est.)
Ethnic Groups
Languages
Religions

Causes in Moldova

Learn more about specific causes in Moldova that you can get involved in.

Family
Education
Poverty
Religion
Clean Water
Economy
Government
Health
Children
Environment
Human Rights
Animals

Family

The World Health Organization for Eastern Europe found that 19% of mar19% of married women are believed to be married before they are 18. Child marriages negatively affect the mental health of girls, as well as their physical health if they bear children before they are fully developed.2 Many women are not permitted to choose their spouse and their education is severely interrupted by the union. Women’s rights in Moldova are behind many other places in Europe, and courts were found to have defective protection against gender discrimination.2ried women between the ages of 20 and 24 in Moldova were married before they were 18.1 Child marriages negatively affect the mental and physical health of girls if they bear children before they are fully developed.2 Many Read More are not permitted to choose their spouse and their education is severely interrupted by the union.3 Show Less

Education

The quality of education in Moldova varies greatly between rural and urban areas.1 Even with the high literacy rate of 99%, Moldova’s corrupt government still hinders the possibility of improving their education system. Students continually score below international and regional averages in math and science.2

Poverty

Moldova is the poorest country in Europe, and there is massive income inequality. Rural Moldovans are worse off financially than those living in cities, and often people in small towns are not provided with resources or infrastructures to flourish.1 The unemployment rate is at 5.8% and 21% of the population lives below the poverty line.2

Religion

Over 90% of Moldovans ascribe to the Eastern Orthodox Church even though the constitution provides for the freedom of religion and that right is well respected. There are some special privileges afforded to the Moldovan Orthodox Church. The church exerts considerable influence over education, health care policies, family issues, and issues of equality.1

Clean Water

Moldova has done moderately well in providing its citizens with clean water, but there is still room for improvement exhibited in the discrepancies of water access between urban and rural areas. 96% of the population has access to clean drinking water and 86% of the population has access to adequate sanitation infrastructure.1

Economy

Moldova is one of the poorest countries in Europe. The country’s economy is heavily reliant on agricultural exports such as fruits, vegetables, and tobacco. In addition to this, remittances coming mainly from Russia and other former Soviet countries account for nearly $2 billion of the Moldovan GDP.1 Moldova’s goal of integrating into the European Union has been the driving force behind much of their economic progress. However, the government has not been able to steadily move to a market economy, and graft and illegal business activity undermine economic growth and rule of law. The unemployment rate is at 5%.2

Government

A former member state of the Soviet bloc, Moldova is now a republic government. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Moldova has struggled both economically and politically with instability and corruption.1 This instability has led to fragmented fiscal policies and has hindered the implementation of reforms and economic growth.2

Health

After Moldova became an independent nation in 1991, the health care system that they had inherited from the former Soviet Union was in a state of disrepair. The average life expectancy was decreasing and caused the newly formed government to make broad, sweeping reforms to the healthcare system in order to increase citizens’ ability to access primary care physicians and reduce the growing disability rates. Currently, the life expectancy is still significantly lower than other neighboring countries.1 The main causes of death in both men and women continue to be heart disease and cancer, and there is heavy alcohol and tobacco abuse.2

Children

21% of Moldovan children live in a one-parent home due to labor migration and the high reliance on remittances. This growing problem is leaving a generation of children without parents, raised by other family members or in Victorian-style, poorly funded orphanages.1 Additionally, Moldova has only taken moderate steps towards reforming and reducing the amount of child labor. Although employers are strictly prohibited from employing children in agricultural work during the school year, this rule is not always enforced. Children without present parents are more likely to be subject to various types of exploitation.2

Environment

The Moldovan environment suffered greatly during the Soviet area, as there were few regulations on how to use natural resources. High use of pesticide, deforestation, and soil contamination all contribute to harming the environment. There are few successful government programs combating this.1

Human Rights

The judicial branch is corrupt and law enforcements officials can be bribed without giving fair trials.1 Social care homes and psychiatric institutions were reported to be in poor conditions and were accused of mistreating their patients. Most forms of media are extremely biased and portray only opinions of the political elite. Media freedom was also suffering as the government continued to restrain the freedom of the press, and there were also reports of harassment and discrimination against gay, bisexual and transgender Moldovans.2

Animals

Even with its small size, Moldova has an abundance of wildlife such as birds, ducks, geese, deer, and fox. Deforestation is a concern, as these creatures used to have much more natural habitat to live in.1
Moldova

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